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Drug

A Schema.org Type
  • Canonical URL: https://schema.org/Drug
  • Equivalent Class: http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/SNOMEDCT/410942007
  • Check for open issues.
A chemical or biologic substance, used as a medical therapy, that has a physiological effect on an organism. Here the term drug is used interchangeably with the term medicine although clinical knowledge makes a clear difference between them.
PropertyExpected TypeDescription
Properties from Drug
activeIngredient Text An active ingredient, typically chemical compounds and/or biologic substances.
administrationRoute Text A route by which this drug may be administered, e.g. 'oral'.
alcoholWarning Text Any precaution, guidance, contraindication, etc. related to consumption of alcohol while taking this drug.
availableStrength DrugStrength An available dosage strength for the drug.
breastfeedingWarning Text Any precaution, guidance, contraindication, etc. related to this drug's use by breastfeeding mothers.
clinicalPharmacology Text Description of the absorption and elimination of drugs, including their concentration (pharmacokinetics, pK) and biological effects (pharmacodynamics, pD). Supersedes clincalPharmacology.
dosageForm Text A dosage form in which this drug/supplement is available, e.g. 'tablet', 'suspension', 'injection'.
doseSchedule DoseSchedule A dosing schedule for the drug for a given population, either observed, recommended, or maximum dose based on the type used.
drugClass DrugClass The class of drug this belongs to (e.g., statins).
drugUnit Text The unit in which the drug is measured, e.g. '5 mg tablet'.
foodWarning Text Any precaution, guidance, contraindication, etc. related to consumption of specific foods while taking this drug.
includedInHealthInsurancePlan HealthInsurancePlan The insurance plans that cover this drug.
interactingDrug Drug Another drug that is known to interact with this drug in a way that impacts the effect of this drug or causes a risk to the patient. Note: disease interactions are typically captured as contraindications.
isAvailableGenerically Boolean True if the drug is available in a generic form (regardless of name).
isProprietary Boolean True if this item's name is a proprietary/brand name (vs. generic name).
labelDetails URL Link to the drug's label details.
legalStatus DrugLegalStatus  or
MedicalEnumeration  or
Text
The drug or supplement's legal status, including any controlled substance schedules that apply.
maximumIntake MaximumDoseSchedule Recommended intake of this supplement for a given population as defined by a specific recommending authority.
mechanismOfAction Text The specific biochemical interaction through which this drug or supplement produces its pharmacological effect.
nonProprietaryName Text The generic name of this drug or supplement.
overdosage Text Any information related to overdose on a drug, including signs or symptoms, treatments, contact information for emergency response.
pregnancyCategory DrugPregnancyCategory Pregnancy category of this drug.
pregnancyWarning Text Any precaution, guidance, contraindication, etc. related to this drug's use during pregnancy.
prescribingInfo URL Link to prescribing information for the drug.
prescriptionStatus DrugPrescriptionStatus  or
Text
Indicates the status of drug prescription, e.g. local catalogs classifications or whether the drug is available by prescription or over-the-counter, etc.
proprietaryName Text Proprietary name given to the diet plan, typically by its originator or creator.
relatedDrug Drug Any other drug related to this one, for example commonly-prescribed alternatives.
rxcui Text The RxCUI drug identifier from RXNORM.
warning Text  or
URL
Any FDA or other warnings about the drug (text or URL).
Properties from Product
additionalProperty PropertyValue A property-value pair representing an additional characteristic of the entity, e.g. a product feature or another characteristic for which there is no matching property in schema.org.

Note: Publishers should be aware that applications designed to use specific schema.org properties (e.g. https://schema.org/width, https://schema.org/color, https://schema.org/gtin13, ...) will typically expect such data to be provided using those properties, rather than using the generic property/value mechanism.
aggregateRating AggregateRating The overall rating, based on a collection of reviews or ratings, of the item.
asin Text  or
URL
An Amazon Standard Identification Number (ASIN) is a 10-character alphanumeric unique identifier assigned by Amazon.com and its partners for product identification within the Amazon organization (summary from Wikipedia's article).

Note also that this is a definition for how to include ASINs in Schema.org data, and not a definition of ASINs in general - see documentation from Amazon for authoritative details. ASINs are most commonly encoded as text strings, but the [asin] property supports URL/URI as potential values too.
audience Audience An intended audience, i.e. a group for whom something was created. Supersedes serviceAudience.
award Text An award won by or for this item. Supersedes awards.
brand Brand  or
Organization
The brand(s) associated with a product or service, or the brand(s) maintained by an organization or business person.
category CategoryCode  or
PhysicalActivityCategory  or
Text  or
Thing  or
URL
A category for the item. Greater signs or slashes can be used to informally indicate a category hierarchy.
color Text The color of the product.
colorSwatch ImageObject  or
URL
A color swatch image, visualizing the color of a Product. Should match the textual description specified in the color property. This can be a URL or a fully described ImageObject.
countryOfAssembly Text The place where the product was assembled.
countryOfLastProcessing Text The place where the item (typically Product) was last processed and tested before importation.
countryOfOrigin Country The country of origin of something, including products as well as creative works such as movie and TV content.

In the case of TV and movie, this would be the country of the principle offices of the production company or individual responsible for the movie. For other kinds of CreativeWork it is difficult to provide fully general guidance, and properties such as contentLocation and locationCreated may be more applicable.

In the case of products, the country of origin of the product. The exact interpretation of this may vary by context and product type, and cannot be fully enumerated here.
depth Distance  or
QuantitativeValue
The depth of the item.
funding Grant A Grant that directly or indirectly provide funding or sponsorship for this item. See also ownershipFundingInfo.
Inverse property: fundedItem
gtin Text  or
URL
A Global Trade Item Number (GTIN). GTINs identify trade items, including products and services, using numeric identification codes.

The GS1 digital link specifications express GTINs as URLs (URIs, IRIs, etc.). Details including regular expression examples can be found in, Section 6 of the GS1 URI Syntax specification; see also schema.org tracking issue for schema.org-specific discussion. A correct gtin value should be a valid GTIN, which means that it should be an all-numeric string of either 8, 12, 13 or 14 digits, or a "GS1 Digital Link" URL based on such a string. The numeric component should also have a valid GS1 check digit and meet the other rules for valid GTINs. See also GS1's GTIN Summary and Wikipedia for more details. Left-padding of the gtin values is not required or encouraged. The gtin property generalizes the earlier gtin8, gtin12, gtin13, and gtin14 properties.

Note also that this is a definition for how to include GTINs in Schema.org data, and not a definition of GTINs in general - see the GS1 documentation for authoritative details.
gtin12 Text The GTIN-12 code of the product, or the product to which the offer refers. The GTIN-12 is the 12-digit GS1 Identification Key composed of a U.P.C. Company Prefix, Item Reference, and Check Digit used to identify trade items. See GS1 GTIN Summary for more details.
gtin13 Text The GTIN-13 code of the product, or the product to which the offer refers. This is equivalent to 13-digit ISBN codes and EAN UCC-13. Former 12-digit UPC codes can be converted into a GTIN-13 code by simply adding a preceding zero. See GS1 GTIN Summary for more details.
gtin14 Text The GTIN-14 code of the product, or the product to which the offer refers. See GS1 GTIN Summary for more details.
gtin8 Text The GTIN-8 code of the product, or the product to which the offer refers. This code is also known as EAN/UCC-8 or 8-digit EAN. See GS1 GTIN Summary for more details.
hasAdultConsideration AdultOrientedEnumeration Used to tag an item to be intended or suitable for consumption or use by adults only.
hasCertification Certification Certification information about a product, organization, service, place, or person.
hasEnergyConsumptionDetails EnergyConsumptionDetails Defines the energy efficiency Category (also known as "class" or "rating") for a product according to an international energy efficiency standard.
hasMeasurement QuantitativeValue A measurement of an item, For example, the inseam of pants, the wheel size of a bicycle, the gauge of a screw, or the carbon footprint measured for certification by an authority. Usually an exact measurement, but can also be a range of measurements for adjustable products, for example belts and ski bindings.
hasMerchantReturnPolicy MerchantReturnPolicy Specifies a MerchantReturnPolicy that may be applicable. Supersedes hasProductReturnPolicy.
height Distance  or
QuantitativeValue
The height of the item.
inProductGroupWithID Text Indicates the productGroupID for a ProductGroup that this product isVariantOf.
isAccessoryOrSparePartFor Product A pointer to another product (or multiple products) for which this product is an accessory or spare part.
isConsumableFor Product A pointer to another product (or multiple products) for which this product is a consumable.
isFamilyFriendly Boolean Indicates whether this content is family friendly.
isRelatedTo Product  or
Service
A pointer to another, somehow related product (or multiple products).
isSimilarTo Product  or
Service
A pointer to another, functionally similar product (or multiple products).
isVariantOf ProductGroup  or
ProductModel
Indicates the kind of product that this is a variant of. In the case of ProductModel, this is a pointer (from a ProductModel) to a base product from which this product is a variant. It is safe to infer that the variant inherits all product features from the base model, unless defined locally. This is not transitive. In the case of a ProductGroup, the group description also serves as a template, representing a set of Products that vary on explicitly defined, specific dimensions only (so it defines both a set of variants, as well as which values distinguish amongst those variants). When used with ProductGroup, this property can apply to any Product included in the group.
Inverse property: hasVariant
itemCondition OfferItemCondition A predefined value from OfferItemCondition specifying the condition of the product or service, or the products or services included in the offer. Also used for product return policies to specify the condition of products accepted for returns.
keywords DefinedTerm  or
Text  or
URL
Keywords or tags used to describe some item. Multiple textual entries in a keywords list are typically delimited by commas, or by repeating the property.
logo ImageObject  or
URL
An associated logo.
manufacturer Organization The manufacturer of the product.
material Product  or
Text  or
URL
A material that something is made from, e.g. leather, wool, cotton, paper.
mobileUrl Text The mobileUrl property is provided for specific situations in which data consumers need to determine whether one of several provided URLs is a dedicated 'mobile site'.

To discourage over-use, and reflecting intial usecases, the property is expected only on Product and Offer, rather than Thing. The general trend in web technology is towards responsive design in which content can be flexibly adapted to a wide range of browsing environments. Pages and sites referenced with the long-established url property should ideally also be usable on a wide variety of devices, including mobile phones. In most cases, it would be pointless and counter productive to attempt to update all url markup to use mobileUrl for more mobile-oriented pages. The property is intended for the case when items (primarily Product and Offer) have extra URLs hosted on an additional "mobile site" alongside the main one. It should not be taken as an endorsement of this publication style.
model ProductModel  or
Text
The model of the product. Use with the URL of a ProductModel or a textual representation of the model identifier. The URL of the ProductModel can be from an external source. It is recommended to additionally provide strong product identifiers via the gtin8/gtin13/gtin14 and mpn properties.
mpn Text The Manufacturer Part Number (MPN) of the product, or the product to which the offer refers.
negativeNotes ItemList  or
ListItem  or
Text  or
WebContent
Provides negative considerations regarding something, most typically in pro/con lists for reviews (alongside positiveNotes). For symmetry

In the case of a Review, the property describes the itemReviewed from the perspective of the review; in the case of a Product, the product itself is being described. Since product descriptions tend to emphasise positive claims, it may be relatively unusual to find negativeNotes used in this way. Nevertheless for the sake of symmetry, negativeNotes can be used on Product.

The property values can be expressed either as unstructured text (repeated as necessary), or if ordered, as a list (in which case the most negative is at the beginning of the list).
nsn Text Indicates the NATO stock number (nsn) of a Product.
offers Demand  or
Offer
An offer to provide this item—for example, an offer to sell a product, rent the DVD of a movie, perform a service, or give away tickets to an event. Use businessFunction to indicate the kind of transaction offered, i.e. sell, lease, etc. This property can also be used to describe a Demand. While this property is listed as expected on a number of common types, it can be used in others. In that case, using a second type, such as Product or a subtype of Product, can clarify the nature of the offer.
Inverse property: itemOffered
pattern DefinedTerm  or
Text
A pattern that something has, for example 'polka dot', 'striped', 'Canadian flag'. Values are typically expressed as text, although links to controlled value schemes are also supported.
positiveNotes ItemList  or
ListItem  or
Text  or
WebContent
Provides positive considerations regarding something, for example product highlights or (alongside negativeNotes) pro/con lists for reviews.

In the case of a Review, the property describes the itemReviewed from the perspective of the review; in the case of a Product, the product itself is being described.

The property values can be expressed either as unstructured text (repeated as necessary), or if ordered, as a list (in which case the most positive is at the beginning of the list).
productID Text The product identifier, such as ISBN. For example: meta itemprop="productID" content="isbn:123-456-789".
productionDate Date The date of production of the item, e.g. vehicle.
purchaseDate Date The date the item, e.g. vehicle, was purchased by the current owner.
releaseDate Date The release date of a product or product model. This can be used to distinguish the exact variant of a product.
review Review A review of the item. Supersedes reviews.
size DefinedTerm  or
QuantitativeValue  or
SizeSpecification  or
Text
A standardized size of a product or creative work, specified either through a simple textual string (for example 'XL', '32Wx34L'), a QuantitativeValue with a unitCode, or a comprehensive and structured SizeSpecification; in other cases, the width, height, depth and weight properties may be more applicable.
sku Text The Stock Keeping Unit (SKU), i.e. a merchant-specific identifier for a product or service, or the product to which the offer refers.
slogan Text A slogan or motto associated with the item.
weight QuantitativeValue The weight of the product or person.
width Distance  or
QuantitativeValue
The width of the item.
Properties from Substance
activeIngredient Text An active ingredient, typically chemical compounds and/or biologic substances.
maximumIntake MaximumDoseSchedule Recommended intake of this supplement for a given population as defined by a specific recommending authority.
Properties from MedicalEntity
code MedicalCode A medical code for the entity, taken from a controlled vocabulary or ontology such as ICD-9, DiseasesDB, MeSH, SNOMED-CT, RxNorm, etc.
funding Grant A Grant that directly or indirectly provide funding or sponsorship for this item. See also ownershipFundingInfo.
Inverse property: fundedItem
guideline MedicalGuideline A medical guideline related to this entity.
legalStatus DrugLegalStatus  or
MedicalEnumeration  or
Text
The drug or supplement's legal status, including any controlled substance schedules that apply.
medicineSystem MedicineSystem The system of medicine that includes this MedicalEntity, for example 'evidence-based', 'homeopathic', 'chiropractic', etc.
recognizingAuthority Organization If applicable, the organization that officially recognizes this entity as part of its endorsed system of medicine.
relevantSpecialty MedicalSpecialty If applicable, a medical specialty in which this entity is relevant.
study MedicalStudy A medical study or trial related to this entity.
Properties from Thing
additionalType Text  or
URL
An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. Typically the value is a URI-identified RDF class, and in this case corresponds to the use of rdf:type in RDF. Text values can be used sparingly, for cases where useful information can be added without their being an appropriate schema to reference. In the case of text values, the class label should follow the schema.org style guide.
alternateName Text An alias for the item.
description Text  or
TextObject
A description of the item.
disambiguatingDescription Text A sub property of description. A short description of the item used to disambiguate from other, similar items. Information from other properties (in particular, name) may be necessary for the description to be useful for disambiguation.
identifier PropertyValue  or
Text  or
URL
The identifier property represents any kind of identifier for any kind of Thing, such as ISBNs, GTIN codes, UUIDs etc. Schema.org provides dedicated properties for representing many of these, either as textual strings or as URL (URI) links. See background notes for more details.
image ImageObject  or
URL
An image of the item. This can be a URL or a fully described ImageObject.
mainEntityOfPage CreativeWork  or
URL
Indicates a page (or other CreativeWork) for which this thing is the main entity being described. See background notes for details.
Inverse property: mainEntity
name Text The name of the item.
potentialAction Action Indicates a potential Action, which describes an idealized action in which this thing would play an 'object' role.
sameAs URL URL of a reference Web page that unambiguously indicates the item's identity. E.g. the URL of the item's Wikipedia page, Wikidata entry, or official website.
subjectOf CreativeWork  or
Event
A CreativeWork or Event about this Thing.
Inverse property: about
url URL URL of the item.

Instances of Drug may appear as a value for the following properties
PropertyOn TypesDescription
affectedBy MedicalTest Drugs that affect the test's results.
drug DrugClass  or
MedicalCondition  or
Patient  or
TherapeuticProcedure
Specifying a drug or medicine used in a medication procedure.
interactingDrug Drug Another drug that is known to interact with this drug in a way that impacts the effect of this drug or causes a risk to the patient. Note: disease interactions are typically captured as contraindications.
relatedDrug Drug Any other drug related to this one, for example commonly-prescribed alternatives.

Examples

Example 1
Copied
Example notes or example HTML without markup.
<h1>Denyal Forte 10×5mg</h1>

Denyal Forte is a brand of Copium manufactured by Rockwell United in the United States.
It is recommended for people suffering of cognitive dissonancy.

It is available in the US as a non-prescription drug in the form of
of a package of 10 5mg tablets.

Common side-effects include hallucinations.
Example encoded as JSON-LD in a HTML script tag.
{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "Drug",
  "name": "Denyal Forte",
  "nonProprietaryName": "Copium",
  "activeIngredient": "Fabula excipiens",
  "drugUnit": "5mg",
  "isAvailableGenerically": true,
  "isProprietary": true,
  "dosageForm": "tablet",
  "prescriptionStatus": "https://schema.org/OTC",
  "warning": "Known side effects include hallucinations",
  "identifier": {
    "@type": "PropertyValue",
    "name": "NDC",
    "description": "US National Drug Code",
    "value": "1111100011"
  },
  "gtin": "00311111000118",
  "brand": {
    "@type": "Organization",
    "name": "Rockwell United"
  },
  "recognizingAuthority": {
    "@type": "Organization",
    "name": "FDA",
    "url": "https://www.fda.gov/"
  }
}
Structured representation of the JSON-LD example.